Reel notes

https://orc.library.atu.edu/atu_reel673/1010/thumbnail.jp

Australian real estate management and development companies and women directors

Purpose – There is a large literature advocating the importance of a greater proportion of women directors on boards of publicly listed firms. The purpose of this paper is to examine the numbers and proportions of women directors, including women executive directors, on listed Australian Real Estate Management and Development (REMD) companies to identify how prevalent women directors are on such boards. Design/methodology/approach – The study examines the numbers and proportions of women directors for 35 REMDs in 2011 and compares this to the broad board composition data on 1,715 Australian Stock Exchange listed entities. Statistically significant findings are evident due to the identified low proportions. Findings – The study finds that of all the Financials Sub Industry sector groups, REMDs have the lowest proportion of female directors on theirs boards – eight women on each of 35 company boards compared to 159 men on these 35 boards at 2011. Of the eight, there were only two women executive directors on boards compared to 50 men. Statistically, it appears that having women directors on REMD boards is not considered important. Even at December 2014, there are only ten women on seven company boards and only one remaining executive director of an REMD company. Practical implications – Given that female board representation is positively related to accounting returns and that there is a growing voice for legislation to impose mandatory proportions of women directors on boards around the world, it may be in the interests of REMD boards to consider appointing more women more quickly. Originality/value – The study is the first to examine the numbers and proportions of women directors amongst REMD companies to identify the paucity of such women directors

Long-term impact of sewage sludge application on soil microbial biomass: An evaluation using meta-analysis

The Long-Term Sludge Experiments (LTSE) began in 1994 as part of continuing research into the effects of sludge-borne heavy metals on soil fertility. The long-term effects of Zn, Cu, and Cd on soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) were monitored for 8 years (1997-2005) in sludge amended soils at nine UK field sites. To assess the statutory limits set by the UK Sludge (Use in Agriculture) Regulations the experimental data has been reviewed using the statistical methods of meta-analysis. Previous LTSE studies have focused predominantly on statistical significance rather than effect size, whereas meta-analysis focuses on the magnitude and direction of an effect, i.e. the practical significance, rather than its statistical significance. The results presented here show that significant decreases in Cmic have occurred in soils where the total concentrations of Zn and Cu fall below the current UK statutory limits. For soils receiving sewage sludge predominantly contaminated with Zn, decreases of approximately 7–11% were observed at concentrations below the UK statutory limit. The effect of Zn appeared to increase over time, with increasingly greater decreases in Cmic observed over a period of 8 years. This may be due to an interactive effect between Zn and confounding Cu contamination which has augmented the bioavailability of these metals over time. Similar decreases (7–12%) in Cmic were observed in soils receiving sewage sludge predominantly contaminated with Cu; however, Cmic appeared to show of recovery after a period of 6 years. Application of sewage sludge predominantly contaminated with Cd appeared to have no effect on Cmic at concentrations below the current UK statutory limit

Prospectus, February 14, 1979

HAPPY VALENTINES DAY; Who is it they call St. Valentines?; Proposal before IOC for a central information board; Directory published; \u27Mountain Man\u27 lecturer coming to Parkland Feb. 22; ISO presents program; PC election results are announced; Nursing honored; Western rep. at PC Friday; New mascot painting in gym; Workshop coming; PC enrollment is increasing; PC band is open to everyone; Good notes essential for good grades; Quotable Study Tips; Rape workshop to come to PC soon; Agri-business seminar to continue Saturday; PC women to discuss best-seller; Poetry reading at PC Feb. 22; Relieve your tensions at the Parkland gym; To My Valentine; Snacks, part of America, are not always bad; PC teacher writes book; Classifieds; Choosing a sports school; Cubs visit C-U; Parkland defeats number 1 school; PC to host basketball tourney; PC relay team places thirdhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1979/1026/thumbnail.jp